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Installing Sun Solaris 9
by Jeff Hunter, Sr. Database Administrator
Contents
This article documents installing the 12/02 release of Solaris 9 from CD-ROM. For the purpose of this example, I will be installing Solaris 9 on a Sun Blade 150 with the following configuration:
- Sun Blade 150 (UltraSPARC-IIe 650MHz), No Keyboard, OpenBoot 4.6
- 1,792 MB RAM Memory
- Two - 40 GB IDE Western Digital Hard Drives - (/dev/dsk/c0t0d0 and /dev/dsk/c0t2d0)
- Built-in Ethernet - (eri0)
- CDROM - (/dev/dsk/c0t1d0)
Installing Solaris 9 will require 2 CDs found in the Solaris media kit labeled "Solaris 9 Software - (Disk 1 of 2) and (Disk 2 of 2)". Before starting the installation process, ensure that you have noted the following items:
- Determine the host name of the system you are installing
- Determine the language and locales you intend to use on the system
- If you intend to include the system in a network, gather the following information:
- Host IP address
- Subnet mask
- Type of name service (DNS, NIS, or NIS+, for example)
- Domain name
- Host name of server
- Host IP address of the name server
Using Serial / Console Connection
For a complete discussion of connecting to a Sun serial console from Linux, see my article "Using Serial Consoles - (Sun Sparcs)".For this particular installation, I will NOT be using a VGA monitor connected to the built-in frame-buffer (video card). The installation will be done using the serial port of the Sun Blade as a console. A serial cable (null modem) will be connected from the serial port of a Linux machine to the serial port of the Sun Blade. Keep in mind that you will not be able to make use of the serial console of the Sun Blade if it was booted with the keyboard/mouse plugged in. In order to make use of the serial console, you will need to disconnect the keyboard/mouse and reboot the Sun server. On the Sun Blade 100/150, if the keyboard/mouse are plugged in during the boot phase, all console output will be redirected to the VGA console.
From the Linux machine, you can use a program called minicom. Start it up with the command "minicom". Press "Ctrl-A Z" to get to the main menu. Press "o" to configure minicom. Go to "Serial port setup" and make sure that you are set to the correct "Serial Device" and that the speed on line E matches the speed of the serial console you are connecting to. (In most cases with Sun, this is 9600.) Here are the settings I made when using Serial A / COM1 port on the Linux machine:
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | A - Serial Device : /dev/ttyS0 | | B - Lockfile Location : /var/lock | | C - Callin Program : | | D - Callout Program : | | E - Bps/Par/Bits : 9600 8N1 | | F - Hardware Flow Control : Yes | | G - Software Flow Control : No | | | | Change which setting? | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+After making all necessary changes, hit the ESC key to go back to the "configurations" menu. Now go to "Modem and dialing". Change the "Init string" to "~^M~". Save the settings (as dflt), and then restart Minicom. You should now see a console login prompt.
[root@bertha1 root]# minicom Welcome to minicom 1.83.1 OPTIONS: History Buffer, F-key Macros, Search History Buffer, I18n Compiled on Aug 28 2001, 15:09:33. Press CTRL-A Z for help on special keys alex console login: root Password: Last login: Tue Nov 4 18:55:41 on console Nov 7 12:17:24 alex login: ROOT LOGIN /dev/console Sun Microsystems Inc. SunOS 5.8 Generic Patch October 2001 # # init 0 INIT: New run level: 0 The system is coming down. Please wait. System services are now being stopped. Print services stopped. Nov 7 12:17:38 alex syslogd: going down on signal 15 The system is down. syncing file systems... done Program terminated ok
The installation process starts at the ok prompt. The previous section of this document provides the steps required to not only gain access to the console port of the Sun SPARC server, but also how to get the server to an ok prompt. If when logging you, the machine is already booted (you have console login like the following: "alex console login:") you will need to bring the machine to its EEPROM (ok prompt) by initiating init 0 like in the Using Serial / Console Connection section above.The first step in installing Solaris 9 it to boot the machine from Disk 1 of the Solaris 9 Software CDs. You will need to get the machine to the ok prompt. You can do this by shutting the system down using init 0. Once at the ok prompt, type in boot cdrom. (Or in some cases, you can use reboot cdrom). From here, the installation program prompts you for system configuration information that is needed to complete the installation.
If you were performing a network installation, you would type: ok boot netIn almost all cases, you will be installing the Solaris 9 software on a new system where it will not be necessary to preserve any data already on the hard drive. Using this assumption, I will partition the first single 40 GB IDE hard drive (/dev/dsk/c0t0d0) as the system disk.
Let's start the installation process! Put the Solaris 9 Software (Disk 1 of 2) in the CDROM tray and boot to it:
Solaris Installation Boot Screen The boot process may take several minutes to complete, but once done, you will start answering a series of prompts.
The following section will walk you through many of the screen prompts from the installation.
The first three prompts are from the command line interface (CLI) and are used to specify the language, locale and terminal. Use English for both Language and Locale. As for a terminal setting, I commonly telnet to a Linux server (that is connected from the serial port of the Linux server to the serial port of the Sun machine). From the Linux server, I use "minicom" to connect from the Linux server to the Sun server. The best terminal for this type of installation is "DEC VT100":
Language : English Locale : English What type of terminal are you using? : 3) DEC VT100
You should be able to use a terminal type of "DEC VT100" or "X Terminal Emulator (xterms)".
Depending on the terminal being used for installation while using the command line interface, it may be required to precede any of the function key responses (i.e. F2_Continue) with the ESC key (i.e. ESC - F2_Continue). Many of the screens to follow will ask you about networking information. When asked if the system will be connected to a network, answer Yes.
Many of the screens should be easy to complete except for the "Names Services" section. In almost all cases, you will want to use DNS naming services, but if your machine is not currently configured within DNS, this section will fail and no information entered about Names Services will be stored and configured. If this is the case, you will need to select None under the Names Services section. The network configuration will then need to be completed after the installation process by updating certain network files on the local hard drive. This will be documented in the "Post Installation Procedures" of this document.
Screen 1 : The Solaris Installation ProgramThis is the Solaris Installation Welcome screen.
Hit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 2 : Identify This SystemThis screen informs you about how you will need to identify the computer as it applies to network connectivity.
Hit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 3 : Network Connectivity
Networked --------- [X] Yes [ ] NoHit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 4 : DHCP
Use DHCP -------- [ ] Yes [X] NoHit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 5 : Host NameEnter the host name which will identify this system on the network. For the purpose of this example, I will use the host name "alex".
Host name: alexHit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 6 : IP AddressEnter the Internet Protocol (IP) address for this network interface.
IP address: 192.168.1.102Hit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 7 : Subnets
System part of a subnet ----------------------- [X] Yes [ ] NoHit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 8 : Netmask
Netmask: 255.255.255.0Hit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 9 : IPv6In this example, I will not be enabling IPv6.
Enable IPv6 ----------- [ ] Yes [X] NoHit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 10 : Set the Default Route
Default Route ------------- [ ] Detect one upon reboot [X] Specify one [ ] NoneHit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 11 : Set the Default Route
Router IP Address: 192.168.1.1Hit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 12 : Confirm InformationThis is a confirmation screen. Verify all data is correct.
Host name: alex IP address: 192.168.1.102 System part of a subnet: Yes Netmask: 255.255.255.0 Enable IPv6: No Default Route: Specify one Router IP Address: 192.168.1.1Hit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 13 : Configure Security Policy
Configure Kerberos Security --------------------------- [ ] Yes [X] NoHit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 14 : Confirm InformationThis is a confirmation screen. Verify all data is correct.
Hit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 15 : Name Service
Name service ------------ [ ] NIS+ [ ] NIS [X] DNS [ ] LDAP [ ] NoneHit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 16 : Domain Name
Host name: idevelopment.infoHit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 17 : DNS Server Addresses
Server's IP address: 63.67.120.18 Server's IP address: 63.67.120.23 Server's IP address:Hit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 18 : DNS Search List
Search domain: Search domain: Search domain: Search domain: Search domain: Search domain:Hit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 19 : Confirm InformationThis is a confirmation screen. Verify all data is correct.
Hit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 20 : Time Zone
Continents and Oceans --------------------- [ ] Africa [X] Americas [ ] Antarctica [ ] Arctic Ocean [ ] Asia [ ] Atlantic Ocean [ ] Australia [ ] Europe [ ] Indian Ocean [ ] Pacific Ocean [ ] other - offset from GMT [ ] other - specify time zone fileHit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 21 : Country or Region
Countries and Regions --------------------- [X] United States [ ] Anguilla [ ] Antigua & Barbuda [ ] Argentina [ ] Aruba [ ] Bahamas [ ] Barbados [ ] Belize [ ] Bolivia [ ] Brazil [ ] Canada [ ] Cayman Islands [ ] Chile [ ] Colombia [ ] Costa Rica [ ] Cuba [ ] Dominica [ ] Dominican Republic [ ] Ecuador [ ] El Salvador [ ] French Guiana [ ] Greenland [ ] Grenada [ ] Guadeloupe [ ] Guatemala [ ] Guyana [ ] Haiti [ ] Honduras [ ] Jamaica [ ] Martinique [ ] Mexico [ ] Montserrat [ ] Netherlands Antilles [ ] Nicaragua [ ] Panama [ ] Paraguay [ ] Peru [ ] Puerto Rico [ ] St Kitts & Nevis [ ] St Lucia [ ] St Pierre & Miquelon [ ] St Vincent [ ] Suriname [ ] Trinidad & Tobago [ ] Turks & Caicos Is [ ] Uruguay [ ] Venezuela [ ] Virgin Islands (UK) [ ] Virgin Islands (US)Hit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 22 : Time Zone
Time zones ---------- [X] Eastern Time [ ] Eastern Time - Michigan - most locations [ ] Eastern Time - Kentucky - Louisville area [ ] Eastern Time - Kentucky - Wayne County [ ] Eastern Standard Time - Indiana - most locations [ ] Eastern Standard Time - Indiana - Crawford County [ ] Eastern Standard Time - Indiana - Starke County [ ] Eastern Standard Time - Indiana - Switzerland County [ ] Central Time [ ] Central Time - Michigan - Wisconsin border [ ] Central Time - North Dakota - Oliver County [ ] Mountain Time [ ] Mountain Time - south Idaho & east Oregon [ ] Mountain Time - Navajo [ ] Mountain Standard Time - Arizona [ ] Pacific Time [ ] Alaska Time [ ] Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle [ ] Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle neck [ ] Alaska Time - west Alaska [ ] Aleutian Islands [ ] HawaiiHit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 23 : Date and Time
Date and time: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM Year (4 digits) : <enter year> Month (1-12) : <enter month> Day (1-31) : <enter day> Hour (0-23) : <enter hour> Minute (0-59) : <enter minute>Hit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 24 : Confirm InformationThis is a confirmation screen. Verify all data is correct.
Hit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 25 : Solaris Interactive InstallationThis screen recognizes if a previous version of Solaris is installed and whether you would like to upgrade or not. Always select the install option (F4_Initial).
Hit ESC - F4 to continue
Screen 26 : Solaris Interactive InstallationThere are two ways to install your Solaris software: "Standard" or "Flash". Choose the "Standard" method (Esc-2_Standard).
Hit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 27 : Select Geographic Regions
Select the geographic regions for which support should be installed. -------------------------------------------------------------------- > [ ] Northern Africa > [ ] Middle East > [ ] Eastern Europe > [ ] Northern Europe > [ ] Western Europe > [ ] Central Europe > [ ] Southern Europe V [/] North America [ ] Canada-English (ISO8859-1) [ ] Canada-French (ISO8859-1) [ ] French [ ] Mexico (ISO8859-1) [ ] Spanish [X] U.S.A. (UTF-8) [X] U.S.A. (en_US.ISO8859-1) > [ ] AsiaHit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 28 : Select Software
Select the Solaris software to install on the system. ----------------------------------------------------- [ ] Entire Distribution plus OEM support 64-bit 2285.00 MB [X] Entire Distribution 64-bit ................. 2247.00 MB [ ] Developer System Support 64-bit ............ 1935.00 MB [ ] End User System Support 64-bit ............. 1461.00 MB [ ] Core System Support 64-bit ................. 708.00 MBHit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 29 : Select DisksYou must select the disks for installing Solaris software. If there are several disks available, I always install the Solaris software on the boot disk c0t0d0.
---------------------------------------------------------- Disk Device (Size) Available Space ============================================= [X] c0t0d0 (38162 MB) boot disk 38162 MB (F4 to edit) [ ] c0t2d0 (38162 MB) 38162 MB [ ] c1t0d0 (8633 MB) 8633 MB [ ] c1t1d0 (8633 MB) 8633 MB [ ] c1t2d0 (8633 MB) 8633 MB [ ] c1t3d0 (8633 MB) 8633 MB [ ] c1t4d0 (8633 MB) 8633 MB [ ] c1t5d0 (8633 MB) 8633 MB [ ] c2t0d0 (8633 MB) 8633 MB Total Selected: 38162 MB Suggested Minimum: 1475 MB
I generally select ESC - F4 to edit the c0t0d0 disk to ensure that the root directory is going to be located on this disk.
---------------------------------------------------------- On this screen you can select the disk for installing the root (/) file system of the Solaris software. Original Boot Device : c0t0d0 Disk ============================== [X] c0t0d0 (F4 to select boot device)Hit ESC - F2 to continue with your Boot Disk selection
On this screen, I typically select ESC - F4 to select boot device to ensure the root file system will be located on slice zero, c0t0d0s0.
---------------------------------------------------------- On this screen you can select the specific slice for the root (/) file system. If you choose Any of the Above, the Solaris installation program will choose a slice for you. Original Boot Device : c0t0d0s0 [X] c0t0d0s0 [ ] c0t0d0s1 [ ] c0t0d0s2 [ ] c0t0d0s3 [ ] c0t0d0s4 [ ] c0t0d0s5 [ ] c0t0d0s6 [ ] c0t0d0s7 [ ] Any of the AboveHit ESC - F2 to after selecting Disk Slice
Screen 30 : Reconfigure EEPROM?Do you want to update the system's hardware (EEPROM) to always boot from c0t0d0?
Hit ESC - F2 to Reconfigure EEPROM and Continue
Screen 31 : Preserve Data?Do you want to preserve existing data? At least one of the disks you've selected for installing Solaris software has file systems or unnamed slices that you may want to save.
Hit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 32 : Automatically Layout File Systems?Do you want to use auto-layout to automatically layout file systems? Manually laying out file systems requires advanced system administration skills.
I typically perform an "Auto" File System Layout (F2_Auto Layout).
Hit ESC - F2 to Perform Auto Layout.
Screen 33 : Automatically Layout File SystemsOn this screen you must select all the file systems you want auto-layout to create, or accept the default file systems shown.
File Systems for Auto-layout ======================================== [X] / [ ] /opt [ ] /usr [ ] /usr/openwin [ ] /var [X] swapHit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 34 : File System and Disk LayoutThe summary below is your current file system and disk layout, based on the information you've supplied.
NOTE: If you choose to customize, you should understand file systems, their intended purpose on the disk, and how changing them may affect the operation of the system.
File system/Mount point Disk/Slice Size ============================================================= / c0t0d0s0 1920 MB swap c0t0d0s1 513 MB overlap c0t0d0s2 38162 MB /export/home c0t0d0s7 35727 MB
I generally select ESC - F4 (F4_Customize) to edit the partitions for disk c0t0d0. If this is a workstation, I make only three partitions:
- / : I often get the sizes for the individual filesystems (/usr, /opt, and /var) incorrect. This is one reason I typically create only one partition as / that will be used for the entire system (minus swap space). In most cases, I will be installing additional disks for large applications like the Oracle RDBMS, Oracle Application Server, or other J2EE application servers.
- overlap : The overlap partition represents entire disk and is slice s2 of the disk.
- swap : The swap partition size depends on the size of RAM in the system. If you are not sure of its size, make it double the amount of RAM in your system. I typically like to make swap 2GB.
------------------------------------------------- Boot Device: c0t0d0s0 ================================================= Slice Mount Point Size (MB) 0 / 36112 1 swap 2049 2 overlap 38162 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 ================================================= Capacity: 38162 MB Allocated: 38161 MB Rounding Error: 1 MB Free: 0 MBHit ESC - F2 to continue
This is what the File System and Disk Layout screen looks like now.
File system/Mount point Disk/Slice Size ============================================================= / c0t0d0s0 36112 MB swap c0t0d0s1 2049 MB overlap c0t0d0s2 38162 MBHit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 35 : Mount Remote File Systems?Do you want to mount software from a remote file server? This may be necessary if you had to remove software because of disk space problems.
Hit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 36 : Confirm InformationThis is a confirmation screen. Verify all data is correct.
Hit ESC - F2 to continue
Screen 37 : Reboot After Installation?After Solaris software is installed, the system must be rebooted. You can choose to have the system automatically reboot, or you can choose to manually reboot the system if you want to run scripts or do other customizations before the reboot. You can manually reboot a system by using the reboot(1M) command.
[X] Auto Reboot [ ] Manual RebootHit ESC - F2 to Begin the Installation
Screen 38 : Installation ProgressAfterwards it starts configuring disks, making partitions, and installing software indicating the progress.
Preparing system for Solaris install Configuring disk (c0t0d0) - Creating Solaris disk label (VTOC) Creating and checking UFS file systems - Creating / (c0t0d0s0) ================================================================== MBytes Installed: 392.08 MBytes Remaining: 428.09 Installing: JavaVM run time environment *************** | | | | | | 0 20 40 60 80 100After the installation is complete it customizes system files, devices, and logs.The system then reboots or asks you to reboot depending upon the choice selected earlier in the Reboot After Installation? screen.
Screen 39 : Create a root PasswordOn this screen you can create a root password.
A root password can contain any number of characters, but only the first eight characters in the password are significant. (For example, if you create `a1b2c3d4e5f6' as your root password, you can use `a1b2c3d4' to gain root access.)
You will be prompted to type the root password twice; for security, the password will not be displayed on the screen as you type it.
> If you do not want a root password, press RETURN twice.
Root password:Enter Your root Password and Press Return to continue.
Screen 40 : Solaris 9 Software 2 of 2Please specify the media from which you will install Solaris 9 Software 2 of 2 (12/02 SPARC Platform Edition).
Alternatively, choose the selection for "Skip" to skip this disc and go on to the next one.
Media: 1. CD/DVD 2. Network File System 3. Skip Media [1]: 1
Screen 41 : Insert the CD/DVD for Solaris 9 Software 2 of 2Please insert the CD/DVD for Solaris 9 Software 2 of 2 (12/02 SPARC Platform Edition).
After you insert the disc, please press Enter.
Enter S to skip this disc and go on to the next one. To select a different media, enter B to go Back.
[]
Screen 42 : Solaris 9 packages (part 2)After hitting <Enter> in the previous screen, the installation will continue installing the Solaris software (part 2)
Reading Solaris 9 Software 2 of 2 (12/02 SPARC Platform Edition).... / Launching installer for Solaris 9 Software 2 of 2 (12/02 SPARC Platform Edition). Please Wait... Installing Solaris 9 packages (part 2) |-1%--------------25%-----------------50%-----------------75%--------------100%| Installation details: Product Result More Info 1. Solaris 9 packages (part 2) Installed Available 2. Done Enter the number corresponding to the desired selection for more information, or enter 2 to continue [2]:2 <Press Return to reboot the system>
After successfully installing the Solaris operating platform software, there may be several tasks that need to be performed depending on your configuration.
- Networking:
If you will be using networking database files for your TCP/IP networking configuration, several files will need to be manually created and/or modified. I provided a step-by-step document on how to manually configure TCP/IP networking files to manually enable TCP/IP networking using files: Configuring TCP/IP on Solaris - TCP/IP Configuration Files - (Quick Config Guide)
- Solaris 9 Patch Cluster:
It is advisable to install the latest Sun Solaris Patch Cluster to ensure a stable operating environment. I provided a step-by-step document on how to download and install the latest Sun Solaris 9 Patch Cluster: Patching Sun Solaris 9