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Compile Program
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javac RandomNumbers.java


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Run Program
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java RandomNumbers


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Program Output
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GENERATING RAW RANDOM NUMBERS
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Math.random() will produce a random number between [0,1).
The square braket means "includes" whereas the parenthesis means "doesn't include".
This means values between 0.0 and 1.0, including 0.0 and not including 1.0.
There are about 2^62 different double fractions between 0 and 1.
  - Total number of numbers in a floating-point number system is:
    2(M-m+1)b^(p-1) + 1
    where "b" is the base (usually 2).
    "p" is the precision (digits in the mantissa)
    "M" is the largest exponent, and "m" is the smallest exponent.
    IEEE 754 uses:
    M=1023, m=-1022, p=53, and b=2
    so the total number of numbers is:
    2(1023+1022-1)2^52
    = 2((2^10-1)+(2^10-1))2^52
    = (2^10-1)2^54
    = 2^64 - 2^54
Half of these numbers (corresponding to exponents in the range [-1022,0]) are less than 1
in magnitude (both positive and negative), so 1/4 of that expression, of 2^62 - 2^52 + 1
(approximately 2^62) is in the range [0,1).
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Raw random number : 0.7642023295804943
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